Autumn has descended in all its glory, but if you’re like us, you’re still making the most of the last of summer’s gifts: a handful of herbs fresh from the garden. Whether making a batch of pesto with the last of the basil or just savoring the scents of thyme, mint and marjoram, it’s hard to let go of that last lingering sprig of summer. Of course, the grocery store stocks fresh herbs year round, but having them right outside the back door is a luxury for anyone who enjoys cooking (or eating, for that matter).
In colonial times, an herb garden was more necessity than luxury. Far from mere seasonings, the herbs grown in the gardens of Cape Cod a few hundred years ago had medicinal and household uses far beyond making meals tastier. In places where a doctor might live several days’ travel away, having a garden well stocked with fever reducing and antibacterial herbs might just save your life.
This summer the herb garden behind Heritage’s historic Wing House underwent a complete renovation by Susan Anthony of Doveflower Cottage Designs in Scituate. Using historical herb gardens as models, Anthony redesigned both the garden’s layout as well as its plantings.
In addition to favorite herbs like bayleaf, catnip and mint are dozens of new plants much less familiar to modern gardeners, but which were commonly in use in gardens of the 17th and 18th centuries. With evocative names like bloodroot, lady’s bedstraw and feverfew hinting at their uses, the plants found in Heritage’s new herb garden would have been put to work in a variety of ways in colonial times. Here are a few:
• Betony: With antiseptic and antibacterial properties, betony was practically a panacea, used to treat everything from cuts to sore throat to diarrhea.
• Vervain: Also called verbena. In some folklore traditions, vervain is thought to keep away evil spirits.
• Yarrow: Yellow-headed yarrow goes by many names: nosebleed plant, devil’s nettle and soldier’s woundwort among them. In historical times, it was used as an astringent for cuts and abrasions and as an anti-inflammatory for swelling, eczema, hemorrhoids and hayfever. Its leaves are also believed to encourage blood clotting, which is where it gets the name “nosebleed plant.”
• Feverfew: With its multitude of daisy-like flowers, feverfew is beautiful in addition to being useful in reducing fevers and treating ailments like headaches and arthritis.
• Costmary: Costmary was often used as a spice for ale and wine, which is where it gets one of its other names, alecost. (The root word “cost” comes from Latin and indicates a fragrant, resinous plant.)
• Bloodroot: This plant’s roots have a reddish sap that was used as a dye, but the plant was known even in historical times to be toxic if used medicinally.
• Lady’s Bedstraw: Not surprisingly, this herb, when dried, could be used to stuff mattresses. It was especially good for the purpose because its scent kept away fleas.
Although we now rely on modern medicine rather than herbs for our wellness, a traditional herb garden has at least one health benefit that hasn’t changed over time: it’s still a serene and lovely place to sit and leave your stress behind.
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